Why is it in the news?

• A study conducted by IIT Madras revealed the presence of ‘forever chemicals’ (Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances) in Chennai lakes.

More about the news

• PFAS are a group of synthetic chemicals widely used in consumer products globally since the 1950s.
• They are found in everyday items such as non-stick cookware, upholstery, food packaging, water or stain-resistant coatings, and industrial materials.
• PFAS are known for their resistance to water, grease, and heat, and they do not break down or degrade easily in the environment.
• However, PFAS can contaminate soil and water sources and accumulate in fish and wildlife, posing risks to ecosystems.
• These chemicals may adversely affect reproduction, thyroid function, the immune system, and cause liver damage.

Measures to be taken

• PFAS can be broken down into harmless components using sodium hydroxide (lye), an inexpensive compound used in soap production.
• Incineration is another method for destroying PFAS, with temperatures around 1,500 degrees Celsius (2,730 degrees Fahrenheit) being effective. However, suitable incinerators are scarce, and the process is energy-intensive.