Why is it in the news?

• India, along with Brazil, Germany, and Japan (the G4 nations), proposed a detailed model for reforming the United Nations Security Council (UNSC) during Inter-governmental Negotiations.
• The proposed model includes flexibility in the veto power, aiming to address key concerns such as inadequate regional representation and the misuse of veto power by permanent members.

Key Highlights of the Proposed Model

• Enlarged Membership: The proposal suggests having 11 permanent members and 14/15 non-permanent members with a 2-year term, following current practice.
• Equitable Regional Representation: The model recommends representation of 6 new permanent members, with two each from Africa, Asia-Pacific, and Latin America and the Caribbean, and one from Western Europe and Other Member States.
• Working Methods of the Council: Decision-making would require an affirmative vote of 14/15 of the 25/26 members.
• Veto Power: New permanent members would not have veto rights until decided by a review held fifteen years after the reform comes into force.
• Relationship between UNSC and UNGA: The proposal emphasizes regular consultations between the Council and the President of the UN General Assembly (UNGA), and submission of annual and special reports to the UNGA.