Why is it in the news?

• Recently, Goan Cashew (kernel)got the Geographical Indication (GI) tag where recognition is hailed as a great opportunity for the cashew industry in the state and “a milestone towards Swayampurna Goa mission”.

More about the Gaon Cashew

About

• Cashew was initially native to northeast Brazil in Latin America. The Portuguese introduced Goan Cashew to Goa in the 16th century, around 1570.
• Initially, it was planted for afforestation and soil conservation purposes. However, its economic value became evident a century later.
• Over time, cashew production evolved from a cottage industry to a significant contributor to Goa’s economy, primarily driven by demand from the United States.

Key Facts about Cashew

 Importance in India

• Cashew is among India’s crucial plantation crops, playing a significant role in foreign exchange earnings.
• In Goa, it occupies the largest area among horticultural crops.

 Suitable Soil and Climate

• Well-drained deep sandy loam soils are ideal for cashew cultivation.
• Cashew does not tolerate waterlogging, making heavy clay soils unsuitable.
• It thrives in various soil types, ranging from sandy to laterite.

 Adaptation to Indian Coastal Regions

• Cashew is well-suited for Indian coastal areas with relative humidity between 60% to 95%; and annual precipitation ranging from 2000 to 3500 mm.

 Temperature Requirements

• Cashew cultivation thrives in hot and humid conditions.
• Suitable temperatures range from 20°C to 38°C.
• Extremely low temperatures and frost are detrimental to cashew plantations.

Major Producing States (2021-2022)

• Maharashtra: Leading producer of cashew nuts.
• Followed by Andhra Pradesh, Orissa, Tamil Nadu, Karnataka, Kerala, Chhattisgarh, West Bengal, Meghalaya, and Gujarat.