Why is it in the news?

• The highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) H5N1 strain has been causing concerns due to human infections in dairy farm workers for the first time, raised fears of potential virus transmission from cattle to humans.
• H5N1 outbreaks have been reported in multiple locations in Kerala, particularly in areas with water bodies, migratory birds, fowls, and integrated farms.

More about the news

H5N1 a Severe Threat?

• Since its emergence in 1996, H5N1 has caused mass mortality in wild birds and fowls and has shown the ability to infect several mammalian species, including cattle and humans.
• The risk perception of H5N1 causing a global pandemic has increased due to the virus’s spread among animals and the potential for more human infections.

Risk Level to Humans

• Human infections of H5N1 have been reported in several countries, with a considerable fatality rate.
• While the risk of human infection is currently considered low, it may change rapidly as the virus spreads to animals in close contact with humans, such as dairy cows and domestic mice.

Symptoms of H5N1

• Symptoms of H5N1 are similar to influenza-A illnesses and may include respiratory difficulties, fever, cough, sore throat, pneumonia, and, in some cases, conjunctivitis.
• Early detection of respiratory illness or conjunctivitis, coupled with exposure to livestock or dead birds, is vital for promptly diagnosing H5N1 infections.

Precautions to be taken

• People should avoid exposure to infected birds or animals and their environments.
• It is crucial to monitor oneself for respiratory illness symptoms, especially conjunctivitis, and seek medical advice if exposed to possible H5N1 contamination.
• Consuming pasteurized milk and thoroughly cooking poultry products can help prevent potential food-borne transmission of H5N1.

Conclusion

• Prominent precautionary measures are advised to reduce the risk of H5N1 transmission from animals to humans.
• Comprehensive surveillance, containment efforts, and public awareness are essential to mitigate the potential threat posed by H5N1.