Why is it in the news?

• SpaceX made a significant advancement in reusable rocket technology by successfully catching the first stage booster of its Starship rocket using giant robotic arms, known as “Mechazilla.”
• In an interview, Elon Musk revealed his vision for Mechazilla, aiming to one day place rockets back on the launchpad within just 30 minutes after landing. This achievement brings SpaceX closer to its goal of building a fully and rapidly reusable rocket system.

More about the news

• Starship, SpaceX’s two-stage heavy-lift rocket system, consists of the Super Heavy booster and the Starship spacecraft. Standing nearly 120 meters tall, it is the largest rocket ever built, surpassing even the Saturn V from the Apollo missions.
• Starship is designed to transport crew and cargo to destinations such as Earth’s orbit, the Moon, and Mars, with the potential to transform space travel.
• During its fifth test launch from Starbase, Texas, the booster separated from the spacecraft after 3 minutes and 40 seconds, flipped, and reignited its engines for the return to Earth.
• Instead of landing in the ocean, the Super Heavy booster was caught mid-air by “Mechazilla,” SpaceX’s robotic arms, after slowing down from speeds of over 27,350 km/h.
• This achievement is a major milestone toward developing fully reusable rocket systems. While the booster was recovered, the Starship spacecraft completed one full orbit of Earth before performing a controlled splashdown in the Indian Ocean.

• SpaceX has already perfected the process of landing its smaller Falcon 9 rocket, but this process differs significantly.
• Falcon 9 boosters land on platforms using landing legs, while the Super Heavy booster is caught mid-air by robotic arms, representing a new approach in rocket recovery and reuse.
• Starship is integral to SpaceX’s future space exploration goals. The company plans to use Starship HLS (Human Landing System) to transport NASA astronauts to the Moon by 2026 as part of the Artemis III mission. SpaceX has secured government contracts worth up to $4 billion for this mission.
• Ultimately, SpaceX aims to use Starship to send humans to Mars. However, before these ambitious plans can be realized, SpaceX must ensure that Starship is safe, reliable, and cost-effective.
• Historically, reusable spaceflight has proven challenging. NASA’s Space Shuttle program, which ended in 2011, featured partially reusable shuttles, but the costs of maintaining and refurbishing them were higher than launching expendable rockets.
• Hence, SpaceX must overcome these hurdles to achieve its vision of affordable and frequent space travel with Starship.