Why is it in the news?

• International Organization for Migration (IOM) has released World Migration Report 2024.

Key Findings

Global Level Findings:

• Conflict and climate change are identified as the primary factors driving global displacement.
• The total number of international migrants worldwide stands at approximately 281 million, with 117 million being displaced, marking the highest level ever recorded.

India Related Findings:

• In India, climate impacts notably influence internal migration from states like Rajasthan, Uttar Pradesh, and Madhya Pradesh.
• India hosts the largest number of international migrants, totalling 18 million, with significant populations residing in countries such as the UAE, USA, and Saudi Arabia.
• In 2022, India became the top recipient of remittances, receiving over USD 111 billion, making it the first country to surpass the USD 100 billion mark.

Issues Faced by Migrants:

• Limited migration pathways for individuals from less developed countries are leading to increased reliance on irregular migration routes.
• Migrants face a range of challenges including racism, xenophobia, and criminalization.
• Gender-based violence is a significant concern for migrants, particularly women and children.
• Various human rights violations are experienced by migrants, including lack of access to healthcare, education, and legal protection.
• Discrimination and marginalization of migrants contribute to social and economic vulnerability.
• Irregular migrants often face exploitation, abuse, and unsafe working conditions.
• Lack of legal status and documentation further exacerbates the vulnerability of irregular migrants.

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