Why is it in the news?
- The government is working on implementing a ‘Right to Repair’ framework to replace the ‘use-and-throw’ design philosophy of products.
- Right to Repair allows consumers to independently repair and customize their products, even when manufacturers typically mandate the use of their services.
- The aim is to promote sustainable consumption of products and reduce electronic waste (e-waste).
- Original Equipment Manufacturers (OEMs) will be required to share product details with consumers to enable repair.
Origin and Global Recognition
- The concept of Right to Repair originated in the United States with the Motor Vehicle Owners’ Right to Repair Act of 2012.
- It has gained recognition in various countries, including the United States, United Kingdom, and European Union.
- In India, the government has called on 112 companies, including Maruti Suzuki, Volkswagen, and Philips, to ensure consumers retain the ability to repair their products.
| Right to Repair covers various sectors and product categories, including:
· Farming Equipment (e.g., tractor parts, harvesters, water pump motors) · Mobiles and Electronic Displays (e.g., mobiles, tablets, laptops) · Consumer Durables (e.g., water purifiers, washing machines, refrigerators) · Automobile Equipment (e.g., passenger vehicles, 2-wheelers, electric vehicles) |
Need for Right to Repair
- Promotes the extension of electronic device lifespans, reducing e-waste, which is a growing problem in India.
- Supports India’s commitment to carbon neutrality by 2070.
- Empowers consumers to make cost-effective choices and promotes consumer rights.
- Stimulates local entrepreneurship and creates job opportunities in the repair sector.
- Makes technology more accessible and affordable, helping bridge the digital divide.
- Contributes to resource conservation and environmental protection.
Challenges
- Manufacturers may resist Right to Repair due to concerns about intellectual property protection, revenue from repair services, and product safety.
- Manufacturers often control spare part availability, making it challenging for independent repair providers.
- Handling user data during repairs raises data privacy and security concerns.
- The use of counterfeit parts can pose risks to product safety and reliability.
- Repair should be conducted in an environmentally responsible manner, requiring regulatory oversight.
Way Forward
- Governments should enact comprehensive right-to-repair frameworks mandating manufacturers to provide repair manuals, diagnostic tools, and spare parts to consumers.
- Encourage manufacturers to embrace Right to Repair as a consumer-friendly and environmentally responsible practice.
- Raise consumer awareness about their rights to repair and the benefits of repair over replacement.
