Why is it in the news?
- Researchers in the USA have recently made a groundbreaking discovery by mapping the largest deep-sea coral reef off the Atlantic coast of the United States, spanning an impressive 310 miles (499 kilometres) from Florida to South Carolina.
- Ranging from 200 meters to 1000 meters, the depth of the reef surpasses the reach of sunlight, creating a unique ecosystem in the ocean’s depths.
About Coral Reefs
- Coral reefs are structures formed by coral polyps held together by calcium carbonate, creating intricate underwater ecosystems.
- Often referred to as the tropical rainforests of the sea, coral reefs cover only 0.1% of the ocean’s surface but provide habitats for 25% of marine species.
- The Great Barrier Reef in Australia is known as the world’s largest tropical coral reef system.
Differences Between Deep and Shallow Water Coral Reefs:
| Characteristics | Shallow or Tropical Water Coral Reef | Deep Water Coral Reef |
| Sunlight Requirement | Require sunlight for growth | Do not require sunlight for growth |
| Accessibility | More accessible and known to scientists | Less known to scientists; only about 75% of the world’s ocean floor mapped in high resolution |
| Area Coverage | Cover less area of the ocean floor | Cover more areas of the ocean floor |
| Habitats Provided | Provide habitats to various sponges, crabs, and sea stars | Provide habitats for sharks, swordfish, sea stars, etc. |
Threats to Coral Reefs:
- Both shallow and deep-sea coral reefs face threats from climate change, including rising sea temperatures and ocean acidification.
- Oil spills and other forms of pollution pose significant risks to coral reefs, affecting their health and the marine life they support.
Conclusion
- The discovery contributes to our understanding of deep-sea biodiversity and the interconnectedness of marine ecosystems.
- It highlights the need for conservation efforts to protect these vulnerable ecosystems from environmental threats.
