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EU Artificial Intelligence Act


Why is it in the news?

  • European Union (EU) lawmakers have recently achieved a significant milestone by reaching a provisional deal on a comprehensive set of rules governing the use of artificial intelligence (AI).
  • The primary goal is to establish the world’s first comprehensive legal framework to regulate the deployment and impact of artificial intelligence.
  • It is to safeguard fundamental rights, democratic principles, and environmental concerns while fostering innovation in the AI domain.

 

Key Provisions of the AI Law

Four Levels of Risks:

  • Unacceptable Risk: They are banned. Example: Deployment of mass-scale facial recognition is banned due to its high risk.
  • High Risk: Allowed but subject to certification to ensure safety and accountability, such as AI tools for self-driving cars.
  • Medium Risk: Can be deployed without restrictions but require detailed documentation for transparency. Examples include generative AI chatbots.
  • Minimal Risk: No restrictions on applications like AI-powered spam filters and video games.

Biometric Surveillance: Governments can employ real-time biometric surveillance in public areas only under exceptional circumstances, such as during serious threats like terrorist attacks.

Empowering Consumers: Consumers have the right to launch complaints against perceived violations, emphasizing individual agency and accountability.

Penalties for Non-Compliance: Fines will be imposed based on a percentage of the global annual turnover or a predetermined amount, whichever is higher. This stringent approach aims to incentivize compliance.

EU AI Office: The establishment of the EU AI Office is proposed, tasked with monitoring and penalizing entities that violate the AI regulations, reinforcing regulatory oversight.

 

Comparison with Other Countries

Country AI Regulations Approach
United States (US) AI Bill of Rights and Executive Order on AI Focuses on addressing ethical and legal considerations in the development and deployment of artificial intelligence.
China Own Set of AI Regulations Implements regulations to manage the development and deployment of artificial intelligence technologies.
India Digital Public Infrastructure (DPI) Approach Adopts a collaborative and controlled approach where the government sanctions underlying AI technology for private development.

 

Significance

  • The EU Artificial Intelligence Act represents a groundbreaking effort to balance innovation with ethical considerations, setting a global precedent for comprehensive AI regulations.

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